He kuputaka o ngā kupu ka whakamahia
Glossary of terms used
Ka whakamārama tēnei whārangi i ngā tikanga tauwhāiti o ngā kupu me ngā kīanga kaupapa e whakamahia ana ki te Whakamāramatanga o te pūkete tiaki I whakaputaina tuatahitia te Kuputaka o ngā kupu ka whakamahia i te Māehe 2024. I whakahoutia i te Oketopa 2024.
This page explains the specific meanings of technical words and phrases used in the Care records definition documents. The Glossary of terms used was first published in March 2024. It was amended in October 2024.
I te Oketopa 2024 i whakahoutia te Kuputaka o ngā kupu ka whakamahia kia mārama ake:
ko ngā whare tiaki kaumātua, me ngā whare tiaki ā-kāinga, tae atu ki ngā whare tiaki tūmataiti, he momo wāhi maru Karauna, i waho hoki i te maru Karauna, ā
kei raro i te kupu 'kiritahi' ko te hunga ora me te hunga mate, i raro, i waho rānei i te maru Karauna ināianei, i mua rānei.
In October 2024 the Glossary of terms was amended to clarify:
that aged residential and in-home care, including private care, are types of State and non-State care settings, and
the term ‘Individual’ includes both living and deceased people who are or have been in State or non-State care.
Ngā wāhi tiaki
Care settings
Tirohia hoki ngā wāhi maru Karauna mō te rārangi tauwhāiti o ngā wāhi e āhei ai te whakarato wāhi maru Karauna.
Ngā momo wāhi rerekē ka whakarato wāhi tiaki, i raro, i waho rānei o te maru Karauna, hei tauira:
ngā whare tiaki tamariki
whare whāngai tamariki taupua
he kāinga ā-whānau, ko tētahi kaiwhakarato ā-waho te kaitiaki
Te whai wāhi a te Karauna, tētahi rōpū i waho o te Karauna rānei ki ngā mahi whāngai tamariki ōkawa
ngā hōhipera mate hinengaro, mate hirikapo hoki, ngā wāri pēnei rānei i roto i ngā hōhipera arowhānui
ngā hopuni hauora
ngā whare tiaki kaumātua, te tiaki i te kāinga hoki, tae atu ki ngā whare tūmataiti
ngā whare kōhungahunga
ngā kura
ngā kura noho matea motuhake
ngā kura mātua taiohi
ngā taupuni whakarau taiohi
ngā taiwhanga mauhere a ngā pirihimana
te noho mauhere i te whare pirihimana
ngā taiwhanga mauhere kōti
he wāhi akoranga e hiahiatia ana i raro i te mahere tautiaki, ā
tētahi wāhi tauwhiro i waenga i ngā whare tiaki, me ērā atu wāhi.
Tirohia ngā wāhi maru Karauna mō tētahi rārangi tauwhāiti o ngā wāhi e āhei ai te whakarato maru Karauna, me ngā aukatinga.
Ngā āhuatanga ehara i te wāhi tiaki
Ehara ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wāhi tiaki, engari rā mēnā kei tētahi wāhi tiaki te tangata i taua wā:
ngā tāngata i roto i ngā whare herehere, tae atu ki ngā whare herehere tūmataiti
Ngā urunga ki te hōhipera arowhānui, tae atu ki ngā hōhipera tūmataiti, hāunga ngā wāri mate hinengaro, mate hirikapo rānei
mauheretanga manene.
Puna: He mea whakarerekē mai i te wāhanga 17.9 o te Here Whakamahi a te Kōmihana Uiui a Te Karauna mō te Tūkinotanga i te Wā Tiaki e te Kāwanatanga me ngā Whakanōhanga Pūtake-whakapono.
See also State care settings for a more specific list of settings State care may be provided in.
The different types of places State and non-State care is provided, including for example:
children’s homes or residences
foster care
a family home where an external provider is responsible for care
State or non-State involvement in adoptions
psychiatric and psychopaedic hospitals or these wards within general hospitals
health camps
aged residential and in-home care, including private care
early childhood education centres
schools
residential special schools
teen parent units
borstals
police cells
police custody
court cells
a place they attend any course required under their care plan, and
any transition between facilities that provide care, and so on.
See State care settings for a more specific list of settings State care may be provided in, including specific exclusions.
What care settings do not include
Care does not include the following, unless the person was also in a care setting at the time:
people in prisons, including private prisons
general hospital admissions, including private hospitals except for psychiatric and psychopaedic wards
immigration detention.
Source: Adapted from Clause 17.9 Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care and in the Care of Faith-based Institutions Terms of Reference.
Te ākiritanga
Disposal
Te tukanga whakatau mō te pupuri, whakawhiti, whakakore rānei i ngā mōhiohio me nga mauhanga. Kei te wāhanga 4 o te Public Records Act te whakamārama o ngā momo ākiritanga e taea ana. Arā ko te:
whakawhiti i te mana whakahaere ki tētahi atu tari
hoko
whakarerekē
whakakore,
tuku atu rānei.
Ka uru ki te tukunga, te tuku i ngā mauhanga ki te tangata mōna ngā kōrero.
Puna:Te Rua Mahara o Te Kāwanatanga.
The decision-making process for retaining, transferring or destroying information and records. Section 4 of the Public Records Act 2005 outlines the types of possible disposal actions. These are:
transfer of control to another agency
sale
alteration
destruction, or
discharge.
Discharge may include giving the records to the person who the records were written about.
Source: Archives NZ.
Mana ākiri
Disposal authority
Ko te mana ākiri he tuhinga ā-ture nā te Kaipupuri Mauhanga Matua e mea ana me pēhea te roa e pupuri ai ngā tari i ngā momo mōhiohio me ngā mauhanga tauwhāiti, ā, ko tēhea te mahi ākiri ka whakamahia ki ngā mauhanga ā muri ake.
Puna:Te Rua Mahara o Te Kāwanatanga.
Disposal authorities are legal instruments issued by the Chief Archivist that say how long agencies should retain specific types of information and records, and which disposal action should apply to the records afterwards.
Source: Archives NZ.
Whānau
Family or whānau
Ko ngā tāngata katoa o te whānau o te tangata. Hei tauira ka uru ki tēnei ko:
Ngā teina, tuākana, tuāhine, tungāne
te whānau
te whāngai
te hapu, te iwi, me te aha atu.
otirā ngā whanaunga katoa o te tangata, he rite rānei ki te whanaunga
Puna: whārangi 2, Child-friendly statement of rights and other matters, Oranga Tamariki Ministry for Children.
All the people in an individual’s family. This includes, for example:
siblings
whānau
whāngai
hapū, and iwi, and so on
and anyone else who is related to the individual or is like family to the individual.
Source: page 2, Child-friendly statement of rights and other matters, Oranga Tamariki Ministry for Children.
Takitahi
Individual
He tamaiti, he pakeke whakaraerae rānei (ka kitea te whakamārama o te pakeke whakaraerae ki raro nei) kei raro i te maru karauna, ngā whare tiaki i waho i te karauna rānei, ināianei — i mua rānei — ahakoa e ora ana, kua mate rānei.
Puna: Te Rua Mahara o Te Kāwanatanga. Ka whakamahia ngā ture rerekē i ngā pakeke rerekē hei tautuhi i te pakeke me te tamaiti. Nō reira — otirā hei whakarite ka uru ngā mea e rua — kua whakatauhia e mātou, mō ngā whāinga o tēnei whakamārama, ko te tikanga o te tamaiti, kei raro i te 18 tau te pakeke. Ko te tangata 18 tau, pakeke ake rānei, e tiakina ana, ka kīia he pakeke whakaraerae.
A child or vulnerable adult (you can find a definition for vulnerable adult below) in — or who has been in — State or non-State care, irrespective of whether they are living or deceased.
Source: Archives NZ. Different legislation uses different ages to define adults and children. Because of this — and to ensure both are included — we have decided for the purposes of this definition that child means under the age of 18. People who are 18 years or older and in care are classed as a vulnerable adult.
Rōpū i waho o te kāwanatanga (NGO)
Non-government organisation (NGO)
Ko ngā rōpū i waho o te kāwanatanga, NGO rānei, he rōpū monihua-kore, he mana motuhake, e noho motuhake ana i te kāwanatanga, te kāwanatanga ā-rohe rānei.
Puna: Wāhanga 2: Ngā momo whakaritenga tuku pūtea me ngā hononga ki ngā rōpū i waho o te kāwanatanga — Tumuaki o te Mana Arotake (oag.parliament.nz).
Non-government organisation, or NGO, means a not-for-profit, self-governing organisation that is independent of central or local government.
Source: Part 2: Types of funding arrangements and relationships with non-government organisations — Office of the Auditor-General New Zealand (oag.parliament.nz).
Wāhi maru i waho o te Karauna
Non-State care
Ko te tikanga o te wāhi maru i waho o te maru Karauna ko ngā ratonga tiaki e whakaratoa ana i waho o te Karauna — ā, kāore hoki he kirimana i raro i te Karauna — otirā kei te rōpū o waho o te Karauna te haepapa ki te tiaki i te tangata. Hei tauira, kei roto pea i tēnei ko ngā rōpū whakapono, ngā rōpū i waho o te karauna, kāore e whiwhi pūtea i te Karauna.
Non-State care means the care services are provided independently of the State — and not under contract to the State — where the non-State organisation assumed responsibility for the care of an individual. For example, this could include faith-based institutions, or non-government organisations where the care is not funded by the State.
Tari tūmatanui
Public office
He whānui te whakamārama o te tari tūmatanui. Kei te wāhanga 4 o te Public Records Act 2005 te whakamārama.
Ko te tikanga, ko ngā tari tūmatanui ngā tari me ngā kaikawe i ngā wāhanga ture, taha whakahaere, taha kōti o te kāwanatanga ā-motu. Hei tauira, ko ngā:
tari kāwanatanga
Hinonga karauna
Whare rangahau a te Karauna
hinonga kāwanatanga
ratonga hauora tūmatanui ā-rohe
whare wānanga
kura, kura motuhake, me te aha atu.
Puna: He mea whakarerekē mai i te whārangi 1, 16/F6 v2 Ngā takohanga matua – Public Records Act 2005, Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga.
The definition of a public office is broad. It is defined in section 4 of the Public Records Act 2005.
Essentially, public offices are the agencies and instruments of the legislative, executive and judicial branches of central government. They include, for example:
government departments
Crown entities
Crown research institutes
state enterprises
district public health services
tertiary institutions
state and integrated schools, and so on.
Source: Adapted from page 1, 16/F6 v2 Key obligations – Public Records Act 2005, Te Rua Mahara o te Kāwanatanga Archives New Zealand.
Maru karauna
State care
Ko te tikanga o te maru Karauna, i noho haepapa te Karauna — ahakoa hāngai, kāore rānei — mō te tiakanga o te tangata whai pānga.
Tērā pea i noho haepapa te Karauna mō te tangata i runga i te whakatau, te mahi rānei a tētahi āpiha Karauna, whakahau a te kōti, tukanga tūao, ā-whakaaetanga rānei. Hei tauira, ka uru pea ki tēnei te whakaaetanga ki ngā tukunga whaiaro, ngā tukunga rānei o tētahi tangata ki te whakamarutanga e tētahi matua, kaitiaki, tangata kē atu rānei.
I autaki pea te haepapa a te Karauna i te tukunga atu o tana mana, ana mahi whakamaru rānei ki tētahi atu tangata, hinonga, kaiwhakarato ratonga rānei, mā te tuku mana, te kirimana, raihana, tētahi atu ara rānei. Kei roto pea i tēnei ko ngā hinonga me ngā kaiwhakarato ratonga tūmataiti, ahakoa he manatōpū ōkawa, kāore rānei, ahakoa pēhea te whakaahuatanga.
Puna: Wāhanga 17.3 Ngā Here Whakamahi a te Kōmihana Uiui a Te Karauna mō te Tūkinotanga i te Wā Tiaki e te Kāwanatanga me ngā Whakanōhanga Pūtake-whakapono.
State care means the State assumed responsibility — whether directly or indirectly — for the care of the individual concerned.
The State may have assumed responsibility for a person as the result of a decision or action by a State official, court order, or voluntary or consent-based process. For example, this could include the acceptance of self-referrals or the referral of an individual into care by a parent, guardian, or other person.
The State may have assumed responsibility indirectly when it passed on its authority or care functions to another individual, entity, or service provider, whether by delegation, contract, licence, or in any other way. This could include private entities and service providers, whether they are formally incorporated or not and however they are described.
Source: Clause 17.3 Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care and in the Care of Faith-based Institutions Terms of Reference.
Ngā wāhi maru Karauna
State care settings
He wāhi Maru Karauna (hāngai, kāore rānei) ēnei e whai ake nei. He wāhi noho, ehara rānei i te wāhi noho, ā, ka whakarato tautiakitanga tūao, ehara rānei i te tūao.
Tirohia hoki Ngā wāhi whakamaru mō tētahi rārangi whakarāpoto o ngā momo wāhi e whakarato maru Karauna ana, wāhi whakamaru i waho o te Karauna rānei.
Ngā wāhi toko i te ora
Ko ētahi tauira o ngā wāhi toko i te ora ko:
ngā whare whakamaru me te tiaki, me ngā whare manatika taiohi
ngā whakanōhanga oranga tamariki, manatika taiohi hoki, tae atu ki ngā whakanōhanga whāngai ōpaki, ōkawa hoki
ngā whare tiaki tamariki, taupuni whakarau taiohi, ngā wāhi pēnei rānei, aha atu, aha atu.
Ngā wāhi hauora me te hauātanga
Ko ētahi tauira o ngā wāhi hauora me te hauā ko:
ngā hōhipera, ngā whare mate hinengaro rānei — tae atu ki ngā wāhi katoa o ēnei whare
ngā whare noho hauā, ngā whare hauā ehara i te whare noho hoki — tae atu ki ngā wāhi katoa o ēnei whare
te tautiakitanga mate hinengaro, hauātanga rānei kei ngā wāhi ehara i te whare noho
ngā hopuni hauora, me te aha atu.
Ngā wāhi mātauranga
Ko ētahi tauira o te wāhi mātauranga ko:
ngā whare kōhungahunga
ngā kura tuatahi, takawaenga, tuarua hoki i raro i te Karauna, tae atu ki ngā kura noho
ngā kura noho matea motuhake me ngā kura hauora ā-rohe
ngā kura mātua taiohi, me te aha atu.
Ngā wāhi tauwhiro me ngā wāhi whakaū ture
Ko ētahi tauira o ngā wāhi tauwhiro me ngā wāhi whakaū ture ko:
ngā taiwhanga mauhere a ngā pirihimana
te noho mauhere i te whare pirihimana
ngā taiwhanga mauhere kōti
te haerenga ki ngā whare maru Karauna, ngā wāhi rānei, i waenga rānei, te haerenga atu rānei, me te aha atu.
Tirohia hoki Ngā wāhi whakamaru mō tētahi rārangi whakarāpoto o ngā momo wāhi e whakarato maru Karauna ana, wāhi whakamaru i waho o te Karauna rānei.
Ngā mea kāore e tau ki raro i te maru Karauna
Ehara ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te wāhi tiaki, engari rā mēnā kei tētahi wāhi tiaki te tangata i taua wā:
ngā tāngata i roto i ngā whare herehere, tae atu ki ngā whare herehere tūmataiti
ngā whakaurunga hōhipera, tae atu ki ngā hōhipera tūmataiti
mauheretanga manene.
Heoi anō, ka whakaarohia pea te wheako o te tangata kei tētahi o ēnei wāhi mēnā i raro ia i te maru Karauna i taua wā.
Ngā wāhi taumaru i waho o Aotearoa
Kia kore e rangirua, e hāngai ana te 'wāhi whakamaru' ki ngā tiakanga e whakaratoa ana ki te tangata i Aotearoa.
Puna: He mea whakarerekē mai i te Wāhanga 17.3 o Ngā Here Whakamahi a te Kōmihana Uiui a Te Karauna mō te Tūkinotanga i te Wā Tiaki e te Kāwanatanga me ngā Whakanōhanga Pūtake-whakapono.
State care (direct or indirect) includes the following settings. They may be residential or non-residential and may provide voluntary or non-voluntary care.
See also Care settings for a summary list of the different types of places State and non-State care is provided.
Social welfare settings
Examples of social welfare settings include:
care and protection residences and youth justice residences
child welfare and youth justice placements, including foster care and adoptions placements
children’s homes, borstals, or similar facilities, and so on.
Health and disability settings
Examples of health and disability settings include:
psychiatric hospitals or facilities — including all places within these facilities
residential or non-residential disability facilities — including all places within these facilities
non-residential psychiatric or disability care
health camps, and so on.
Educational settings
Examples of educational settings include:
early childhood educational facilities
primary, intermediate, and secondary State schools, including boarding schools
residential special schools and regional health schools
teen parent units, and so on.
Transitional and law enforcement settings
Examples of transitional and law enforcement settings include:
police cells
police custody
court cells
on the way to, between, or out of State care facilities or settings, and so on.
See Care settings for a summary list of the different types of places State and non-State care are provided.
What State care does not include
Care does not include the following, unless the person was also in a care setting at the time:
people in prisons, including private prisons
general hospital admissions, including private hospitals
immigration detention.
However, the experience of a person in these facilities or settings may be considered if the person was also in State care at the time.
Care settings outside of Aotearoa New Zealand
For the avoidance of doubt, ‘care settings’ relates only to care provided to an individual in New Zealand.
Source: Adapted from Clause 17.3 Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care and in the Care of Faith-based Institutions Terms of Reference.
Ngā tikanga e aro ana ki te kohuki
Trauma-informed practice
Ko te tikanga o te aro ki te kohuki he whakarite arawātea mā te hunga i noho ki tētahi momo taumarutanga, ki te whakapakari anō i te mana whakahaere, kia whai mana hoki.
Puna: He mea whakarereke mai i Hopper, EK, Bassuk, EL & Olivet, J (2009) Shelter from the Storm: Trauma-informed care in homeless service settings. The Open Health Services and Policy Journal, 2, 131-151.
Being trauma-informed is about creating opportunities for care-experienced people to rebuild a sense of control and empowerment.
Source: Adapted from Hopper, EK, Bassuk, EL & Olivet, J (2009) Shelter from the Storm: Trauma-informed care in homelessness service settings. The Open Health Services and Policy Journal, 2, 131-151.
Pakeke whakaraerae
Vulnerable adult
Ko te tangata 18 tau, pakeke ake rānei, ka hiahia tautiaki me te tautoko anō, nā runga i tana noho ki te maru Karauna, ki te maru rānei o tētahi rōpū whakapono, otirā ko tētahi āhuatanga pea ko te korenga o te herekoretanga. I tua atu i te whakaraerae ka ara ake pea i te korenga o te herekoretanga, o te noho tautiaki rānei, ka whakaraerae te tangata i runga i ētahi atu āhuatanga. Hei tauira, i runga i tana:
hauātanga ā-tinana, ā-hirikapo rānei
tūnga hauora ā-hinengaro
whenua tipu
iwi
mātāwaka
whakapono
pakeke
ira
tuakiri ā-ira
aronga hōkaka, me te aha atu.
Puna: Wāhanga 17.2(a) Ngā Here Whakamahi a te Kōmihana Uiui a Te Karauna mō te Tūkinotanga i te Wā Tiaki e te Kāwanatanga me ngā Whakanōhanga Pūtake-whakapono.
A person 18 years and older who needs additional care and support by virtue of being in State care or in the care of a faith-based institution, which may involve deprivation of liberty. In addition to vulnerability that may arise generally from being deprived of liberty or in care, a person may be vulnerable for other reasons. For example, due to their:
physical, or intellectual, disability
mental health status
nationality
race
ethnicity
religious belief
age
gender
gender identity
sexual orientation, and so on.
Source: Clause 17.2(a) Royal Commission of Inquiry into Historical Abuse in State Care and in the Care of Faith-based Institutions Terms of Reference.
Whakapapa
Ngā hononga, haerenga, wheako hoki a te tangata, arā ko ngā whakapaparanga o tana tuakiri ēnei, tae atu ki ngā mōhiohio tika o tana oranga (hauora me te oranga o mua), whenua (tūrangawaewae), whanaunga, hinengaro (reo ā-iwi, reo, ngā kawa o taku hapū).
Puna: He mea whakarerekē mai i ngā puna maha, arā ko ēnei e whai ake nei.
Durie, M. (2001). Mauri ora: They dynamics of Māori health. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Lawson-Te Aho K. (2010). Definitions of whānau: A review of selected literature. Wellington: Families Commission.
Mead, H. M. (2003). Tikanga Māori: Living by Māori Values. Wellington: Huia.
Mikaere, A. (2006). ‘Whakapapa and taonga: Connecting the memory’. Puna Maumahara: Rōpū Tuku Iho Repositories Conference, Te Wānanga o Raukawa, Ōtaki, 16-17 November 2006. Ōtaki, New Zealand: Te Wānanga o Raukawa.
Pohatu, T. (2004). Mauri – Rethinking Human Wellbeing / by Taina Whakaatere Pohatu. MAI Review. Retrieved from https://review.mai.ac.nz.
Walker, R. (1989). Māori Identity. In D. Novitz & B. Willmott (Eds.), Culture and Identity in New Zealand. Wellington: Government Printing Office.
Walker, R. (2004). Ka whawhai tonu mātou: Struggle without end (Rev. ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin.
A person’s connections, journey and experiences which are the layers that make up their identity, including accurate information on oranga (medical and wellbeing history), whenua (tūrangawaewae or where I have the right to stand), whanaunga (who I’m related to), hinengaro (dialect, language, kawa unique to my hapū).
Source: Adapted from multiple sources, including the following.
Durie, M. (2001). Mauri ora: They dynamics of Māori health. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Lawson-Te Aho K. (2010). Definitions of whānau: A review of selected literature. Wellington: Families Commission.
Mead, H. M. (2003). Tikanga Māori: Living by Māori Values. Wellington: Huia.
Mikaere, A. (2006). ‘Whakapapa and taonga: Connecting the memory’. Puna Maumahara: Rōpū Tuku Iho Repositories Conference, Te Wānanga o Raukawa, Ōtaki, 16-17 November 2006. Ōtaki, New Zealand: Te Wānanga o Raukawa.
Pohatu, T. (2004). Mauri – Rethinking Human Wellbeing / by Taina Whakaatere Pohatu. MAI Review. Retrieved from https://review.mai.ac.nz.
Walker, R. (1989). Māori Identity. In D. Novitz & B. Willmott (Eds.), Culture and Identity in New Zealand. Wellington: Government Printing Office.
Walker, R. (2004). Ka whawhai tonu mātou: Struggle without end (Rev. ed.). Auckland, New Zealand: Penguin.
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